Staroszczyk R.
Constitutive modeling of creep induced anisotropy of ice
publisher: Wydawnictwo IBW PAN
ISBN: 8385708650
published in: 2004
language: en

Summary: The book is devoted to the problem of constitutive modelling of creep induced anisotropy of ice which develops in the material as it is deformed during its movement from the free surface to depth in large polar ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland. The evolution of the anisotropic structure of ice significantly changes macroscopic viscous properties of the medium and therefore affects the overall behaviour of polar ice caps. Three distinct methods are applied to formulate constitutive relations for ice. In the first method, microscopic flow laws are first derived for a single crystal of ice, and these are then used to determine the macroscopic creep response of the polycrystalline aggregate by averaging the responses of all constituent grains in the polycrystal. In the second approach, the microscopic flow laws for a single crystal are employed to construct the macroscopic constitutive relations by applying an orientation distribution function that describes directional properties of the medium. Finally, in the third method, the macroscopic constitutive laws are consistently derived as functions of only macroscopic variables. In the latter approach the evolution of the oriented structure in ice is described in terms of the changes in the principal directions in the macroscopic deformation field. All the proposed constitutive models are used to simulate the creep of anisotropic ice in simple flow configurations in order to correlate the model parameters with available experimental data. Finally, some of the models are employed to simulate the flow of large polar ice sheets.

Ryszard Staroszczyk
Ice Mechanics for Geophysical and Civil Engineering Applications
publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
ISBN: 9783030030377
published in: 2019
language: en

Summary: This book presents the concepts and tools of ice mechanics, together with examples of their application in the fields of glaciology, climate research and civil engineering in cold regions. It starts with an account of the most important physical properties of sea and polar ice treated as an anisotropic polycrystalline material, and reviews relevant results of field observations and experimental measurements. The major part of the book focuses on theoretical descriptions of the material behaviour of ice in different stress, deformation and deformation-rate regimes on spatial scales ranging from single ice crystals, those typical in civil engineering applications, up to scales of thousands of kilometres, characteristic of large, grounded polar ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland. In addition, it offers a range of numerical formulations based on either discrete (finite-element, finite-difference and smoothed particle hydrodynamics) methods or asymptotic expansion methods, which can be used by geophysicists, theoretical glaciologists and civil engineers for solving problems of their interest. The numerical formulations presented in the book have been employed to simulate the behaviour of ice in a number of problems of importance to geophysics and civil engineering, and the results of these simulations are discussed throughout the text. The book is intended for scientists, engineers and graduate students interested in mathematical and numerical modelling of a wide variety of geophysical and civil engineering problems involving natural ice. The readers are assumed to possess a standard knowledge of theoretical and structural mechanics, and to be familiar with the formalism of continuum mechanics, though it is believed that the concepts introduced and then gradually developed in the course of the text are presented in a way that is adequate for understanding the content of this book.